Outpatient Antibiotic Prescriptions — United States, 2016
Healthcare providers prescribed 270.2 million antibiotic prescriptions—equivalent to 836 antibiotic prescriptions per 1000 persons.
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Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Outpatient antibiotic prescriptions — United States, 2016.
Systemic oral antibiotics were extracted from the IQVIA Xponent database. IQVIA captured an estimated 90% of outpatient prescriptions for any medication nationally, reconciled them to wholesale deliveries, and projected to 100% coverage. These data represent all outpatient antibiotic prescriptions from community pharmacies from all payers, but exclude federal facilities. Provider specialties are taken from the American Medical Association (AMA) self-designated practice specialties and categorized into one of 17 groups. Population data were obtained from the U.S. Census bridging files.
References
Hicks, L.A., et al., US Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing Variation According to Geography, Patient Population, and Provider Specialty in 2011. Clin Infect Dis, 2015. 60(9): p. 1308-16.
Table 1. Oral antibiotic prescriptions by age, sex and region—United States, 2016
Age groupa
Characteristics | NUMBER OF ANTIBIOTIC PRESCRIPTIONS (MILLIONS) | ANTIBIOTIC PRESCRIPTIONS PER 1,000 PERSONS, RATE |
---|---|---|
<20 years | 64.9 | 790 |
≥20 years | 205.4 | 852 |
Sexa
Characteristics | NUMBER OF ANTIBIOTIC PRESCRIPTIONS (MILLIONS) | ANTIBIOTIC PRESCRIPTIONS PER 1,000 PERSONS, RATE |
---|---|---|
Female | 164.6 | 1,003 |
Male | 105.5 | 663 |
Regionb
Characteristics | NUMBER OF ANTIBIOTIC PRESCRIPTIONS (MILLIONS) | ANTIBIOTIC PRESCRIPTIONS PER 1,000 PERSONS, RATE |
---|---|---|
Northeast | 48.8 | 868 |
Midwest | 60.2 | 887 |
South | 114.5 | 937 |
West | 46.5 | 607 |
aTotals may not add to all oral prescriptions (270.2 million) due to missing data
bTotals may not add to all oral prescriptions (270.2 million) due to rounding.
Table 2. Top oral antibiotic classes and agents prescribed—United States, 2016
Antibiotic class
Characteristics | NUMBER OF ANTIBIOTIC PRESCRIPTIONS (MILLIONS) | ANTIBIOTIC PRESCRIPTIONS PER 1,000 PERSONS, RATE |
---|---|---|
Penicillins | 63.2 | 196 |
Macrolides | 47.7 | 148 |
Cephalosporins | 36.9 | 114 |
Fluoroquinolones | 29.7 | 92 |
Beta-lactams, increased activity | 26.4 | 82 |
Antibiotic agent
Characteristics | NUMBER OF ANTIBIOTIC PRESCRIPTIONS (MILLIONS) | ANTIBIOTIC PRESCRIPTIONS PER 1,000 PERSONS, RATE |
---|---|---|
Amoxicillin | 56.7 | 176 |
Azithromycin | 44.9 | 139 |
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid | 26.4 | 82 |
Cephalexin | 21.8 | 68 |
Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim | 20 | 62 |
Table 3. Oral antibiotic prescribing by provider specialty — United States, 2016
PROVIDER SPECIALTY | NUMBER OF ANTIBIOTIC PRESCRIPTIONS (MILLIONS) | ANTIBIOTIC PRESCRIPTIONS PER PROVIDER, RATE |
---|---|---|
Primary Care Physicians | 106.3 | 448 |
Physician Assistants and Nurse Practitioners | 68.4 | 395 |
Surgical Specialties | 19.3 | 217 |
Dentistry | 25.7 | 210 |
Emergency Medicine | 14.7 | 454 |
Dermatology | 6.9 | 608 |
Obstetrics/Gynecology | 6.0 | 160 |
Other | 22.9 | 110 |
All Providers | 270.2 | 296 |
State | Number of prescriptions per 1000 persons, Rate |
---|---|
Kentucky | 1,270 |
West Virginia | 1,257 |
Mississippi | 1,235 |
Louisiana | 1,193 |
Alabama | 1,188 |
Tennessee | 1,169 |
Arkansas | 1,131 |
Nebraska | 1,040 |
Iowa | 997 |
Kansas | 964 |
Indiana | 963 |
Ohio | 963 |
South Carolina | 957 |
District of Columbia | 936 |
Delaware | 929 |
Missouri | 924 |
Oklahoma | 911 |
New Jersey | 911 |
New York | 905 |
South Dakota | 900 |
Michigan | 899 |
Georgia | 898 |
Pennsylvania | 895 |
Rhode Island | 885 |
North Carolina | 856 |
Florida | 855 |
Texas | 852 |
Illinois | 844 |
Connecticut | 841 |
North Dakota | 797 |
Virginia | 790 |
Maryland | 784 |
Utah | 753 |
Massachusetts | 751 |
Arizona | 744 |
Wyoming | 744 |
Wisconsin | 733 |
Nevada | 721 |
New Hampshire | 716 |
Maine | 707 |
New Mexico | 704 |
Idaho | 689 |
Minnesota | 687 |
Vermont | 640 |
Montana | 631 |
Hawaii | 615 |
Colorado | 585 |
Washington | 580 |
California | 567 |
Oregon | 547 |
Alaska | 511 |