ACE Allele and Genotype Frequencies
Available polymorphism(s)
|
Common Designations |
|
|
rs number
|
Nucleotide change |
Amino acid |
Genotyping method
|
|
rs4646994
|
289-bp Alu insertion/deletion in intron 16
|
|
Capillary Fragment Analysis
|
| Variant |
Race-ethnicity |
Allele
% (95% CI) |
Chi-square
P-value† |
Genotype
% (95% CI) |
Chi-square
P-value† |
HW
P-value‡ |
| rs4646994 |
|
D |
I |
|
DD |
DI |
II |
|
|
| Non-Hispanic White |
54.6 (52.8, 56.3) |
45.4 (43.7, 47.2) |
<0.001 |
28.8 (25.9, 31.8) |
51.6 (47.8, 55.3) |
19.6 (17.7, 21.8) |
<0.001 |
0.11 |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
58.7 (56.9, 60.5) |
41.3 (39.5, 43.1) |
33.8 (31.5, 36.3) |
49.8 (47.3, 52.2) |
16.4 (14.6, 18.5) |
0.10 |
| Mexican American |
46.6 (44.5, 48.8) |
53.4 (51.2, 55.5) |
20.7 (17.9, 23.7) |
51.9 (49.5, 54.4) |
27.4 (25.5, 29.3) |
0.27 |
| Total* |
53.8 (52.2, 55.4) |
46.2 (44.6, 47.8) |
|
28.3 (26.0, 30.7) |
51.1 (48.5, 53.7) |
20.6 (18.9, 22.4) |
|
|
* Includes all U.S. race/ethnic groups.
† “other” race/ethnicity category was not included in chi-square tests.
‡ P-values from unweighted chi-square goodness-of-fit tests to test for deviations from Hardy-Weinberg (HW) proportions.
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By Age
| Variant |
Age (years) |
Allele
% (95% CI) |
Chi-square
P-value |
Genotype
% (95% CI) |
Chi-square
P-value |
| rs4646994 |
|
D |
I |
|
DD |
DI |
II |
|
| 12-19 |
56.3 (53.6, 59.0) |
43.7 (41.0, 46.4) |
0.104 |
31.6 (27.9, 35.5) |
49.5 (43.2, 55.7) |
19.0 (14.8, 23.9) |
0.054 |
| 20-39 |
52.0 (49.5, 54.6) |
48.0 (45.4, 50.5) |
25.9 (22.3, 29.9) |
52.2 (47.2, 57.2) |
21.9 (18.7, 25.3) |
| 40-59 |
54.9 (51.9, 57.9) |
45.1 (42.1, 48.1) |
29.6 (25.5, 34.1) |
50.6 (45.9, 55.2) |
19.8 (16.8, 23.2) |
| >=60 |
54.2 (51.5, 56.8) |
45.8 (43.2, 48.5) |
28.8 (25.4, 32.5) |
50.7 (46.9, 54.5) |
20.5 (17.6, 23.6) |
| Total |
53.8 (52.2, 55.4) |
46.2 (44.6, 47.8) |
|
28.3 (26.0, 30.7) |
51.1 (48.5, 53.7) |
20.6 (18.9, 22.4) |
|
* Includes all participants, regardless of race/ethnicity.
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By Sex
| Variant |
Sex |
Allele
% (95% CI) |
Chi-square
P-value |
Genotype
% (95% CI) |
Chi-square
P-value |
| rs4646994 |
|
D |
I |
|
DD |
DI |
II |
|
| Male |
53.3 (50.9, 55.7) |
46.7 (44.3, 49.1) |
0.450 |
28.1 (25.0, 31.4) |
50.3 (46.3, 54.4) |
21.6 (18.6, 24.8) |
0.678 |
| Female |
54.3 (52.4, 56.3) |
45.7 (43.7, 47.6) |
28.5 (26.1, 31.0) |
51.8 (48.8, 54.8) |
19.8 (17.4, 22.3) |
| Total |
53.8 (52.2, 55.4) |
46.2 (44.6, 47.8) |
|
28.3 (26.0, 30.7) |
51.1 (48.5, 53.7) |
20.6 (18.9, 22.4) |
|
* Includes all participants, regardless of race/ethnicity.
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By Race/Ethnicity and Age
| Variant |
Race-ethnicity |
Age (years) |
Allele
% (95% CI) |
Genotype
% (95% CI) |
| rs4646994 |
|
|
D |
I |
DD |
DI |
II |
| Non-Hispanic White |
12-19 |
57.3 (53.1, 61.5) |
42.7 (38.5, 46.9) |
33.4 (26.9, 40.5) |
48.0 (37.0, 59.1) |
18.7 (12.5, 27.0) |
| 20-39 |
52.8 (49.8, 55.9) |
47.2 (44.1, 50.2) |
26.4 (21.7, 31.8) |
52.8 (46.1, 59.5) |
20.7 (17.0, 25.0) |
| 40-59 |
55.3 (51.5, 59.0) |
44.7 (41.0, 48.5) |
29.3 (24.2, 34.9) |
52.0 (45.6, 58.4) |
18.7 (14.6, 23.6) |
| >=60 |
55.0 (52.0, 57.9) |
45.0 (42.1, 48.0) |
29.5 (25.6, 33.8) |
50.8 (46.4, 55.3) |
19.6 (16.6, 23.0) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
12-19 |
61.4 (57.5, 65.1) |
38.6 (34.9, 42.5) |
36.5 (30.5, 43.0) |
49.7 (42.4, 57.0) |
13.8 (10.3, 18.3) |
| 20-39 |
58.3 (55.4, 61.2) |
41.7 (38.8, 44.6) |
32.8 (29.4, 36.3) |
51.1 (48.2, 54.1) |
16.1 (13.2, 19.4) |
| 40-59 |
58.1 (54.6, 61.6) |
41.9 (38.4, 45.4) |
33.8 (29.1, 38.9) |
48.5 (44.1, 53.0) |
17.6 (14.6, 21.0) |
| >=60 |
57.3 (54.1, 60.5) |
42.7 (39.5, 45.9) |
33.5 (29.1, 38.1) |
47.8 (40.5, 55.1) |
18.8 (14.1, 24.5) |
| Mexican American |
12-19 |
46.7 (41.9, 51.5) |
53.3 (48.5, 58.1) |
20.2 (15.6, 25.7) |
53.1 (48.6, 57.6) |
26.8 (21.6, 32.7) |
| 20-39 |
47.2 (43.7, 50.8) |
52.8 (49.2, 56.3) |
21.9 (18.0, 26.4) |
50.6 (46.7, 54.6) |
27.5 (23.8, 31.5) |
| 40-59 |
46.3 (41.7, 51.0) |
53.7 (49.0, 58.3) |
19.7 (15.2, 25.1) |
53.3 (47.2, 59.3) |
27.0 (21.3, 33.6) |
| >=60 |
43.7 (40.2, 47.3) |
56.3 (52.7, 59.8) |
16.9 (15.0, 19.0) |
53.6 (46.9, 60.1) |
29.5 (23.3, 36.5) |
By Race/Ethnicity and Sex
| Variant |
Race-ethnicity |
Sex |
Allele
% (95% CI) |
Genotype
% (95% CI) |
| rs4646994 |
|
|
D |
I |
DD |
DI |
II |
| Non-Hispanic White |
Male |
54.1 (51.4, 56.8) |
45.9 (43.2, 48.6) |
28.6 (24.7, 32.9) |
51.0 (45.7, 56.3) |
20.4 (17.2, 24.0) |
| Female |
55.0 (52.6, 57.3) |
45.0 (42.7, 47.4) |
28.9 (25.7, 32.4) |
52.1 (47.9, 56.3) |
19.0 (16.2, 22.1) |
| Non-Hispanic Black |
Male |
59.5 (56.8, 62.2) |
40.5 (37.8, 43.2) |
34.5 (31.2, 38.0) |
50.0 (46.3, 53.6) |
15.5 (12.6, 19.0) |
| Female |
58.0 (55.7, 60.3) |
42.0 (39.7, 44.3) |
33.2 (30.4, 36.1) |
49.6 (46.6, 52.6) |
17.2 (14.8, 19.9) |
| Mexican American |
Male |
46.1 (42.7, 49.5) |
53.9 (50.5, 57.3) |
19.6 (15.9, 24.0) |
52.9 (49.9, 55.8) |
27.5 (24.3, 30.9) |
| Female |
47.2 (44.4, 50.1) |
52.8 (49.9, 55.6) |
21.7 (18.2, 25.7) |
51.0 (48.2, 53.8) |
27.3 (24.9, 29.8) |
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