Chapter 22 – Evaluation of predictive genetic tests for common diseases: bridging epidemiological, clinical, and public health measures Figures

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Human Genome Epidemiology (2nd ed.): Building the evidence for using genetic information to improve health and prevent disease

“The findings and conclusions in this book are those of the author(s) and do not
necessarily represent the views of the funding agency.”
These chapters were published with modifications by Oxford University Press (2010)

A. Cecile J. W. Janssens, Marta Gwinn, and Muin J. Khoury

 

Disease risk (%) Huntington disease Breast Cancer Colorectal cancer
Figures 22-1
Disease risks of carriers and noncarriers in genetic testing for monogenic disorders (10). The genetic variants tested are CAG repeats in 4p16.3 for Huntington disease (7), BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations for breast cancer (8), and MLH1/hMSH2 mutations for colorectal cancer (9).
Carrier
~ 100
~ 85
~60
Noncarrier
0
~10
~2

 

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Disease risk (%) PPARG CAPN10 TCF7L2
Figure 22-2
Disease risks of carriers and noncarriers in single genetic testing for multifactorial disorders (10). Data on the odds ratios of the genetic variants are obtained from the literature (PPARG (11), CAPN10 (12), TCF7L2 (13)). For the calculation of the disease risks from the published odds ratios, we assumed a lifetime risk of type 2 diabetes of 33% (14).
Carrier
~ 38
~ 39
NA
Noncarrier
~35
~38
~25
Homozygotes
NA
NA
~63
Heterozygotes
NA
NA
~38

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Figure 22-3
Disease risks associated with profiles in genetic testing for multifactorial disorders (10). Bars indicate the frequency distribution of the genetic profiles quantified by the number of risk genotypes in the profile. The frequencies are presented on the left axis. The scatter plots represent the disease risks associated with the genetic profiles when all individual variants have the same odds ratio (OR = 1.5; Figure 22.3b) and when the odds ratios vary (Figure 22.3c). The disease risks are presented on the right axis. Genetic profiles were constructed using a previously described method (15). We assumed that the disease risk in the population was 10% and that the frequencies of the risk genotypes varied between 1% and 60% (incremental from 1% to 19% by 1% and from 20% to 60% by 2%). In Figure 22.3c we assumed that the odds ratios varied from 1.05 to 2.0 (incremental from 1.05 to 1.19 by 0.01 and from 1.20 to 2.0 by 0.05).

This figure is comprised of three separate figures:

(a) The y axis shows the frequency in percent from 0 to 25 in 5 increments. The x axis shows the number of risk genotypes from 0 to 40 in 5 increments. The figure is comprised of 17 bar charts starting on the x axis around 3 and ending at 19. The bar charts start at 1 on the y axis, peak at 16 with the 7th bar and decrease back to 1 in the form of a curve.

(b) This figure has the same bar chart as in (a). In addition it has 22 + signs which start at 0 on the x axis and gradually increase to 25 on the x axis and to approximately 22 on the y axis.

(c) This figure has the same bar chart as in (a). In addition it has a cluster of +signs starting at approximately 2 on the x axis and peaking at 24 on the same axis. On the y axis the cluster starts around 1 and peaks around 16.

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