2009 H1N1 Flu: International Situation Update
April 30, 2010, 5:00 PM ET
This report provides an update to the international flu situation using data collected through April 25, 2010, and reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) on April 30. WHO continues to report laboratory-confirmed 2009 H1N1 flu cases and deaths on its Web page. These laboratory-confirmed cases represent a substantial underestimation of total cases in the world, as most countries focus surveillance and laboratory testing only on people with severe illness.
Currently, the most active areas of 2009 H1N1 transmission are in parts of West and Central Africa, and South and Southeast Asia. Localized flu activity due to 2009 H1N1 continues to occur in tropical regions of the Americas. Overall, influenza activity remains low in the Northern Hemisphere. In Europe, the total number of influenza B virus detections (79.1%) exceeded that of influenza A viruses (20.9%), with seven countries reporting influenza B as the dominant type of influenza virus in circulation. In the temperate zone of the Southern Hemisphere, influenza-like illness (ILI) activity remains low. In Australia, 2009 H1N1, seasonal influenza B and influenza A (H3N2) viruses have been reported sporadically. Influenza type B virus is the predominant influenza virus in East Asia and Northern and Eastern Europe, and is circulating at low levels across Central and West Africa. Flu activity due to influenza A (H3N2) viruses continues to be reported in South and Southeast Asia, as well as in some countries of Central and West Africa, and Eastern Europe.
Selected Highlights
- According to WHO, the majority of 2009 H1N1 virus isolates tested worldwide remain sensitive to oseltamivir, an antiviral medicine used to treat flu. Among 2009 H1N1 isolates tested worldwide, 285 have been found to be resistant to oseltamivir – 64 of these isolates were detected in the United States. Approximately 1.2% of U.S. 2009 H1N1 viruses tested by CDC since September 30, 2009, have been resistant to oseltamivir.
- Influenza B is the predominating influenza virus in certain countries, accounting for 72.0% of all influenza detections in the Russian Federation, 88.5% in China, 92.9% in Sweden, 95.6% in the Republic of Korea, 90% in Iran, and 100% Mongolia.
- Intermittent influenza A(H3N2) activity was reported from certain countries including China, Japan, and the Russian Federation.
- On February 18, 2010, WHO published recommendations for the following viruses to be used for influenza vaccines in the 2010-2011 influenza season of the Northern Hemisphere:
- an A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like virus;
- an A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like virus*;
- a B/Brisbane/60/2008-like virus.
* A/Wisconsin/15/2009 is an A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like virus and is a 2010 Southern Hemisphere vaccine virus.
International Resources for 2009 H1N1 Information
Health Organizations
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control)
- H2P (Humanitarian Pandemic Preparedness)
- Public Health Agency of Canada
World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Offices
- AFRO (WHO Regional Office for Africa)
- AMRO (WHO Regional Office for the Americas) / PAHO (Pan American Health Organization)
- EMRO (WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean)
- EURO (WHO Regional Office for Europe)
- SEARO (WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia)
- WPRO (WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific)
Travel and 2009 H1N1 Flu
Human cases of 2009 H1N1 flu virus infection have been identified in the United States and several countries around the world. For information on 2009 H1N1 flu and travel, see the CDC H1N1 Flu and Travel website.
Reports and Publications
- White House Report on 2009 H1N1 in the Southern Hemisphere
Issued August 2009 – This White House report was prepared by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in coordination with the Office of the Director for National Intelligence (ODNI) and the Department of State (Dos) and describes the characteristics and impact of 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus in the Southern Hemisphere. - ECDC Interim Risk Assessment Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Pandemic
Issued July 30, 2009 - This document provides an interim risk assessment of novel H1N1 flu in Europe prepared by ECDC. - World Health Organization Weekly Epidemiological record – Issued July 24, 2009
This document by WHO provides updates on the international novel H1N1 flu situation. - MMWR – Update: Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection – Mexico, March-May, 2009 – Issued June 5, 2009 / Vol. 58 / No. 21.
This Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report describes the novel influenza A (H1N1) outbreak in Mexico from March-May, 2009. - MMWR – Update: Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infections – Worldwide, May 6, 2009 – Issued May 8, 2009 / Vol. 58 / No. 17.
This Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report describes worldwide novel influenza A (H1N1) infections as of May 6, 2009.
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