3.9 Core Ascertainment Variables

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The objectives and goals of a surveillance programme will drive what the programme will choose as its core ascertainment variables. Countries should assess the availability of core variables on existing data sources to determine what important information on congenital anomalies is already being collected for other analytical purposes.

Activity 3.3

Ask participants to refer to Activity 3.3 in the Participant Workbook [457 KB, 21 Pages, Print Only].

Core Ascertainment Variables
Category Variable name Why this variable should be collected
Report Case record identification
City, province, state, or territory
Father Name(s)
Mother Name(s)
Mother’s date of birth, or age if date of birth is not available
Total number of pregnancies
Infant Date of birth
Sex
Outcome at birth

Discuss how variables might differ, depending on the participant’s country, and how they would be adapted. Direct participants to Appendices H and I in WHO/CDC/ICBDSR Birth defects surveillance: a manual for programme managers (4) for additional variables to consider.

Once they have completed the table, show participants the following table with possible responses for further discussion.

Core Ascertainment Variables
Category Variable name Why this variable should be collected (responses in italics below)
Report Case record identification To retrieve a form, and ensure that it is not duplicated in the database
City, province, state, or territory To identify the prevalence of congenital anomalies by place of birth
Father Name(s) To retrieve information, link infant
Mother Name(s) To retrieve information, link infant
Mother’s date of birth, or age if date of birth is not available To identify the distribution and prevalence of congenital anomalies by maternal age (maternal age is a risk factor for some congenital anomalies)
Total number of pregnancies To identify the distribution and prevalence of congenital anomalies by previous parity
Infant Date of birth To retrieve information, and to ascertain the distribution of congenital anomalies by month/year
Sex To identify the distribution of congenital anomalies by sex
Outcome at birth To identify the distribution and prevalence of congenital anomalies by pregnancy outcome. Prevalence can be calculated by live births with or without stillbirths and ETOPFA
Each country can develop a fictitious record(s) based on the typical variables collected in the country, and participants can be asked to abstract the information into the data-collection tool (see Activity 3.4). For the activity, the facilitator can look at different charts from the hospitals, to create beforehand a “record” that can be used.

Activity 3.4

Ask participants to refer to Activity 3.4 in the Participant Workbook.

Birth Defects Surveillance Programme

Show the example of an abstraction form. Ask participants to consider the form, based on how they plan to collect data (paper-based or electronic collection) and which variables they would add or delete, and why.

Group Discussion 3.8

Ask the following questions, to generate discussion:

  • What demographic variables would be important to include in a surveillance programme for your country?
  • What are the estimated rates of consanguinity in your country?
  • Do you think it might be important to ask about consanguinity? Why or why not?
  • What race/ethnicities might be useful to capture?
  • Do you think it is important to collect information about ethnicity? Why or why not?
  • What data are already being collected from existing vital registries and hospital logbooks in your country, and are they available?
References
  1. World Health Organization. Congenital anomalies. Fact sheet No 370. October 2012 (http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs370/en/index.html  , accessed 29 April 2015).
  2. Resolution WHA63.17. Birth defects. In: Sixty-third World Health Assembly, Geneva,17–21 May 2010. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010 (http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA63/A63_R17-en.pdf, accessed 29 April 2015).
  3. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, 10th revision. Geneva: World Health organization; 2015 (http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2015/en  , accessed 24 February 2015).
  4. World Health Organization, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research (ICBDSR). Birth defects surveillance: a manual for programme managers. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefectscount/documents/bd-surveillance-manual.pdf, accessed 10 February 2015).
  5. World Health Organization, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC), International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research (ICBDSR). Birth defects surveillance: atlas of selected congenital anomalies. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/127941/1/9789241564762_eng.pdf?ua=1  , accessed 10 February 2015).
  6. CDC Foundation. What is public health? (http://www.cdcfoundation.org/content/what-public-health  , accessed 24 February 2015).

Table of Contents

  1. Module 3: Introduction to Surveillance Approaches
  2. 3.1 Epidemiology
  3. 3.2 Population Coverage
  4. 3.3 Case Ascertainment
  5. 3.4 Case-Finding
  6. 3.5 Case Inclusion
  7. 3.6 Inclusion Criteria
  8. 3.7 Inclusion of Pregnancy Outcomes
  9. 3.8 Description Formats for Congenital Anomalies
  10. ›3.9 Core Ascertainment Variables
  11. 3.10 Data-Collection Methods and Tools
  12. 3.11 Data Collection/Management
  13. 3.12 Data-Management Protocol
  14. 3.13 Data Analysis
  15. 3.14 Data Dissemination
  16. 3.15 Evaluation Questions 3