Chapter 3

Physiologic Responses and Long-Term Adaptations to Exercise

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• Introduction
• Conclusions

Contents

• Introduction
• Physiologic Responses to Episodes of Exercise
  • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems
    • Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise
      • Cardiac Output
      • Blood Flow
      • Blood Pressure
      • Oxygen Extraction
      • Coronary Circulation
    • Respiratory Responses to Exercise
    • Resistance Exercise
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism
    • Energy Systems
    • Metabolic Rate
    • Maximal Oxygen Uptake
    • Lactate Threshold
  • Hormonal Responses to Exercise
  • Immune Responses to Exercise
• Long-Term Adaptations to Exercise Training
  • Adaptations of Skeletal Muscle and Bone
  • Metabolic Adaptations
  • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Adaptations
    • Long-Term Cardiovascular Adaptations
    • Respiratory Adaptations
• Maintenance, Detraining, and Prolonged Inactivity
  • Maintaining Fitness and Muscular Strength
  • Detraining
  • Prolonged Inactivity
• Special Considerations
  • Disability
  • Environmental Conditions
  • Effects of Age
  • Differences by Sex
• Conclusions
  • Research Needs
• References