Sand & Gravel Operator Mining Facts - 2007 (HTML)

Keywords: Fatality rates Injury rates Non-fatal days lost rates
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DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2009–163

Mining Operations

In 2007, a total of 7,199 sand and gravel mining operations reported employment data to the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA). [1]

  • Sand and gravel mines were the largest mining sector, comprising 48.4% of all mining operations.
  • Sand and gravel mines were found throughout all 50 states and Puerto Rico.

Employees

A total of 45,761 employees, [2] corresponding to 38,340 full-time equivalent (FTE) [3] employees, were reported by sand and gravel mine operators.

  • Within the mining sectors, [4] sand and gravel mine operator employees accounted for 11.4% of all employee hours reported to MSHA.

Graph of the number of employee hours by commodity, 1998-2007 (see data table below)

Click on the image to enlarge.

Data for the previous chart showing the number of employee hours (in millions) by commodity and year
Commodity and Type
of Employer		 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Coal Operator 185.4 170.3 157.3 168.4 163.8 157.1 166.5 181.3 189.0 186.5
Metal Operator 93.0 83.4 77.4 68.8 58.5 55.5 59.5 63.4 67.9 75.5
Nonmetal Operator 57.2 54.7 53.1 50.6 47.5 46.9 46.9 46.2 46.4 46.5
Stone Operator 164.8 167.8 168.5 166.1 161.7 160.0 163.5 168.6 170.8 166.5
Sand and Gravel Operator 75.0 78.9 78.1 77.0 75.3 74.8 76.6 78.4 79.6 76.7
Coal Contractor 36.4 35.4 36.2 40.3 36.5 35.0 38.5 43.0 46.2 45.5
Noncoal Contractor 43.3 47.8 54.2 49.8 39.2 39.9 46.8 54.1 62.6 76.3

 

Fatalities

Five work-related fatalities occurred among sand and gravel operator employees in 2007. This compared to six fatalities in 2006.

  • The sand and gravel mine operator fatality rate was 15.0 fatalities per 100,000 FTE employees.
  • Powered haulage was associated with 60% (n=3) of sand and gravel fatalities.

Graph of the number and rate of fatalities, 2003-2007 (see data table below)

Click on the image to enlarge.

Data for the previous chart showing the number and rate of fatalities per 100,000 FTE employees by year
Fatalities 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Number 10 8 9 6 5
Rate 30.8 24.0 26.3 17.2 15.0

Nonfatal Lost-time Injuries

There were 657 nonfatal lost-time injuries among sand and gravel operator employees occurring at an overall rate of 2.0 injuries per 100 FTE employees. A total of 30,440 days lost from work [5] resulted from these injuries.

  • The most frequent classifications of nonfatal lost-time injuries for sand and gravel operator employees involved handling materials (n=234; 35.6%) and slip or fall of person (n=170; 25.9%).
  • Sprains and strains were the most frequently reported nature of injury (n=241; 36.7%).
  • The back was the most frequently reported body part injured (n=124; 18.9%) followed by fingers (n=105; 16.0%). Back injuries represented 10,808 days lost from work; finger injuries represented 2,880 days lost.

Chart of the distribution of nonfatal lost-time injuries by accident class, 2007 (see data table below)

Click on the image to enlarge.

Data for the previous chart showing the distribution of nonfatal lost-time injuries by accident class
Accident Class Number Percent
Handling materials 234 35.6
Slip or fall of person 170 25.9
Hand tools 88 13.4
Powered haulage 69 10.5
Machinery 50 7.6
All other 46 7.0
Total 657 100.0

Mining operations, 2007

Commodity and Type of Employer Underground Mining Operations [1] Surface Mining Operations [1] Total Mining Operations [1]
Coal Operator 631 1,399 2,030
Metal Operator 97 181 278
Nonmetal Operator 48 677 725
Stone Operator 113 4,526 4,639
Sand & Gravel Operator Not applicable 7,199 7,199
Operator Total 889 13,982 14,871

 

 

Contracting companies, 2007

Commodity and Type of Employer Number of Companies
Coal Contractor 2,999
Noncoal Contractor 5,400
Contractor Total 8,399

 

 

Employment characteristics, 2007

Commodity and Type of Employer Underground Employees [2] Surface Employees [2] Total Employees [2] Underground FTE Employees [3] Surface FTE Employees [3] Total FTE Employees [3]
Coal Operator 37,829 46,242 84,071 42,238 51,027 93,265
Metal Operator 5,333 30,667 36,000 5,437 32,309 37,746
Nonmetal Operator 2,411 20,453 22,864 2,478 20,788 23,265
Stone Operator 1,845 80,873 82,718 2,063 81,191 83,254
Sand & Gravel Operator Not applicable 45,761 45,761 Not applicable 38,340 38,340
Operator Total 47,418 223,996 271,414 52,216 223,655 275,871
Coal Contractor 5,160 33,705 38,865 3,071 19,670 22,741
Noncoal Contractor 3,039 64,805 67,844 1,935 36,216 38,151
Contractor Total 8,199 98,510 106,709 5,006 55,886 60,892
Total 55,617 322,506 378,123 57,222 279,541 336,763

 

 

Mining Occupational Fatalities (per 100,000 FTE employees), 2007

Commodity and Type of Employer Underground Fatalities Underground Fatality Rate Surface Fatalities Surface Fatality Rate Fatalities Fatality Rate
Coal Operator 18 42.6 10 21.1 28 31.2
Metal Operator 3 55.2 4 14.4 7 21.1
Nonmetal Operator 1 40.4 0 0.0 1 5.0
Stone Operator 0 0.0 8 11.4 8 11.1
Sand & Gravel Operator Not applicable Not applicable 5 15.0 5 15.0
Operator Total 22 42.1 27 13.8 49 19.7
Coal Contractor 3 97.7 3 16.3 6 28.0
Noncoal Contractor 2 103.4 10 29.3 12 33.3
Contractor Total 5 99.9 13 24.8 18 31.3
Total 27 47.2 40 16.1 67 21.9

 

 

Nonfatal Lost-time Injuries (per 100 FTE employees), 2007

Commodity and Type of Employer Underground Injuries Underground Injury Rate Surface Injuries Surface Injury Rate Injuries Injury Rate
Coal Operator 2,120 5.0 822 1.7 2,942 3.3
Metal Operator 178 3.3 620 2.2 798 2.4
Nonmetal Operator 91 3.7 417 2.4 508 2.5
Stone Operator 36 1.7 1,844 2.6 1,880 2.6
Sand & Gravel Operator Not applicable Not applicable 657 2.0 657 2.0
Operator Total 2,425 4.6 4,360 2.2 6,785 2.7
Coal Contractor 177 5.8 283 1.5 460 2.1
Noncoal Contractor 43 2.2 454 1.3 497 1.4
Contractor Total 220 4.4 737 1.4 957 1.7
Total 2,645 4.6 5,097 2.0 7,742 2.5

 

 

Data source: Publicly released data files of employment and accident/injury/illness collected by MSHA under 30 CFR 50.

Notes: All analyses of accident data exclude office employees. Occupational fatalities exclude all cases under 17 years of age. Further statistical methodology is available on the NIOSH Internet. Data in the above tables may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding. Caution should be used when interpreting rates based on a small number of events.

  1. Mines at which only independent contractors were working did not show any employment and were not counted.
  2. Average number of employees working at individual mines during calendar quarters of active operations (includes office workers).
  3. Full-time equivalent employees computed using reported employee hours (2,000 hours = 1 FTE).
  4. Mining sectors include coal operators, metal operators, nonmetal operators, stone operators, sand and gravel operators, coal contractors, and noncoal contractors.
  5. Includes actual days away from work and/or days of restricted work activity. For permanently disabling injuries only, statutory days charged by MSHA were used if they exceeded the total lost workdays.

 

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See Also
Page last reviewed: April 6, 2022
Page last updated: April 6, 2022
Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Mining Program