Antiviral References

Updated References

Abdel-Ghafar AN, Chotpitayasunondh T, Gao Z, et al. Update on avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection in humans. The New England journal of medicine. 2008;358(3):261-73. Epub 2008/01/18. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra0707279. PubMed PMID: 18199865.

ACOG Committee Opinion No. 753: Assessment and Treatment of Pregnant Women With Suspected or Confirmed Influenza. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Oct;132(4):e169-e173. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002872. PubMed PMID: 30247358.

Adisasmito W, Chan PK, Lee N, et al. Effectiveness of antiviral treatment in human influenza A(H5N1) infections: analysis of a Global Patient Registry. The Journal of infectious diseases. 2010;202(8):1154-60. Epub 2010/09/14. doi: 10.1086/656316. PubMed PMID: 20831384.

Aoki FY, Macleod MD, Paggiaro P, et al. Early administration of oral oseltamivir increases the benefits of influenza treatment. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 2003;51(1):123-9. Epub 2002/12/21. PubMed PMID: 12493796.

Ariano RE, Sitar DS, Zelenitsky SA, et al. Enteric absorption and pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir in critically ill patients with pandemic (H1N1) influenza. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l’Association medicale canadienne. 2010;182(4):357-63. Epub 2010/02/18. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.092127. PubMed PMID: 20159892; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2831695.

Ayscue P, Murray E, Uyeki T, et al. Influenza-associated intensive-care unit admissions and deaths – California, September 29, 2013-January 18, 2014. MMWR Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2014;63(7):143-7. Epub 2014/02/21. PubMed PMID: 24553197.

Bautista E, Chotpitayasunondh T, Gao Z, et al. Clinical aspects of pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. The New England journal of medicine. 2010;362(18):1708-19. Epub 2010/05/07. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1000449. PubMed PMID: 20445182.

Beau AB, Hurault-Delarue C, Vial T, Montastruc JL, Damase-Michel C, Lacroix I. Safety of oseltamivir during pregnancy: a comparative study using the EFEMERIS database. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology. 2014;121(7):895-900. Epub 2014/02/12. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.12617. PubMed PMID: 24512604.

Blyth CC, Iredell JR, Dwyer DE. Rapid-test sensitivity for novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus in humans. The New England journal of medicine. 2009;361(25):2493. Epub 2009/11/20. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc0909049. PubMed PMID: 19923563.

Booy R, Lindley RI, Dwyer DE, et al. Treating and preventing influenza in aged care facilities: a cluster randomised controlled trial. PloS one. 2012;7(10):e46509. Epub 2012/10/20. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046509. PubMed PMID: 23082123; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3474842.

Bradley JS, Blumer JL, Romero JR, et al. Intravenous Zanamivir in Hospitalized Patients With Influenza. Pediatrics. 2017;140(5). Epub 2017/10/21. doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-2727. PubMed PMID: 29051331.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention Strategies for Seasonal Influenza in Healthcare Settings Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/infectioncontrol/healthcaresettings.htm.

Chambers CD, Johnson D, Xu R, Luo Y, Jones KL; OTIS Collaborative Research Group. Oseltamivir use in pregnancy: Risk of birth defects, preterm delivery, and small for gestational age infants. Birth Defects Res. 2019 Aug 8. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.1566. [Epub ahead of print]

Campbell A, Tokars JI, Reynolds S, et al. Influenza Antiviral Treatment and Length of Stay Pediatrics. 2021 Oct;148(4):e2021050417. doi: 10.1542/peds.2021-050417. Epub 2021 Sep 1., Pubmed PMID 34470815

Chan-Tack KM, Gao A, Himaya AC, et al. Clinical experience with intravenous zanamivir under an emergency investigational new drug program in the United States. The Journal of infectious diseases. 2013;207(1):196-8. Epub 2012/10/24. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jis637. PubMed PMID: 23089591.

Chartrand C, Leeflang MM, Minion J, Brewer T, Pai M. Accuracy of rapid influenza diagnostic tests: a meta-analysis. Annals of internal medicine. 2012;156(7):500-11. Epub 2012/03/01. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-156-7-201204030-00403. PubMed PMID: 22371850.

Chaves SS, Perez A, Miller L, et al. Impact of Prompt Influenza Antiviral Treatment on Extended Care Needs After Influenza Hospitalization Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2015;61(12):1807-14. Epub 2015/09/04. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ733. PubMed PMID: 26334053.

Chen LF, Dailey NJ, Rao AK, et al. Cluster of oseltamivir-resistant 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infections on a hospital ward among immunocompromised patients–North Carolina, 2009. The Journal of infectious diseases. 2011;203(6):838-46. Epub 2011/02/24. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiq124. PubMed PMID: 21343149; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3307091.

Chen L, Han X, Li Y, et al. Impact of early neuraminidase inhibitor treatment on clinical outcomes in patients with influenza B-related pneumonia: a multicenter cohort study European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. 2020 Jul;39(7):1231-1238. doi: 10.1007/s10096-020-03835-6. Epub 2020 Feb 6. PubMed PMID: 32026193.

Chen L, Han X, Li Y, et al. The impact of early neuraminidase inhibitor therapy on clinical outcomes in patients hospitalised with influenza A-related pneumonia: a multicenter, retrospective study BMC Infectious Diseases. 2020 Aug 26;20(1):628. doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05322-x. PubMed PMID: 32842994.

Choi SH, Kim T, Park KH, Kwak YG, Chung JW, Lee MS. Early administration of neuraminidase inhibitors in adult patients hospitalized for influenza does not benefit survival: a retrospective cohort study. European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology. 2017;36(9):1673-7. Epub 2017/04/19. doi: 10.1007/s10096-017-2982-z. PubMed PMID: 28417272.

Chow E, Beigi R, Riley L, et al. Clinical Effectiveness and Safety of Antivirals for Influenza in Pregnancy Open Forum Infectious Diseases. 2021 Mar 20;8(6):ofab138. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofab138. eCollection 2021 Jun. PubMed PMID: 34189160.

Chowell G, Viboud C, Simonsen L, et al. Impact of antiviral treatment and hospital admission delay on risk of death associated with 2009 A/H1N1 pandemic influenza in Mexico. BMC infectious diseases. 2012;12:97. Epub 2012/04/24. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-97. PubMed PMID: 22520743; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3449201.

Coffin SE, Leckerman K, Keren R, Hall M, Localio R, Zaoutis TE. Oseltamivir shortens hospital stays of critically ill children hospitalized with seasonal influenza: a retrospective cohort study. The Pediatric infectious disease journal. 2011;30(11):962-6. Epub 2011/10/15. doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e318232ede9. PubMed PMID: 21997661; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3426912.

Committee on Infectious Diseases. Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2019-2020. Pediatrics. 2019 Oct;144(4). pii: e20192478. doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-2478. Epub 2019 Sep 2.

Dawood F, Jara J, Gonzelez R, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the safety of early oseltamivir treatment among children 0 to 9 years of age hospitalized with influenza in El Salvador and Panama. Antiviral Research. 2016 Sept: 133:85-94. Epub 2016 Jul 21. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.07.007. PubMed PMID: 27451343.

de Jong MD, Ison MG, Monto AS,  et al. Evaluation of intravenous peramivir for treatment of influenza in hospitalized patients. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2014;59(12):e172-85. Epub 2014/08/15. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu632. PubMed PMID: 25115871.

de Jong MD, Simmons CP, Thanh TT, et al. Fatal outcome of human influenza A (H5N1) is associated with high viral load and hypercytokinemia. Nature medicine. 2006;12(10):1203-7. Epub 2006/09/12. doi: 10.1038/nm1477. PubMed PMID: 16964257; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4333202.

Dobson J, Whitley RJ, Pocock S, Monto AS. Oseltamivir treatment for influenza in adults: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet (London, England). 2015;385(9979):1729-37. Epub 2015/02/03. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(14)62449-1. PubMed PMID: 25640810.

Dulek DE, Williams JV, Creech CB, et al. Use of intravenous zanamivir after development of oseltamivir resistance in a critically Ill immunosuppressed child infected with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2010;50(11):1493-6. Epub 2010/04/27. doi: 10.1086/652655. PubMed PMID: 20415572.

Dunstan HJ, Mill AC, Stephens S, Yates LM, Thomas SH. Pregnancy outcome following maternal use of zanamivir or oseltamivir during the 2009 influenza A/H1N1 pandemic: a national prospective surveillance study. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology. 2014;121(7):901-6. Epub 2014/03/08. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.12640. PubMed PMID: 24602087.

Earhart KC, Elsayed NM, Saad MD, et al. Oseltamivir resistance mutation N294S in human influenza A(H5N1) virus in Egypt. Journal of infection and public health. 2009;2(2):74-80. Epub 2009/01/01. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2009.04.004. PubMed PMID: 20701864.

Ebell MH, Call M, Shinholser J. Effectiveness of oseltamivir in adults: a meta-analysis of published and unpublished clinical trials. Family practice. 2013;30(2):125-33. Epub 2012/09/22. doi: 10.1093/fampra/cms059. PubMed PMID: 22997224.

Ehrenstein V, Kristensen NR, Monz BU, Clinch B, Kenwright A, Sørensen HT. Oseltamivir in pregnancy and birth outcomes. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2018: 18(1):519. Epub 2018/10/16. . doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-3423-z. PMID: 30326840

Eriksson CO, Graham DA, Uyeki TM, Randolph AG. Risk factors for mechanical ventilation in U.S. children hospitalized with seasonal influenza and 2009 pandemic influenza A*. Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies. 2012;13(6):625-31. Epub 2012/08/17. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0b013e318260114e. PubMed PMID: 22895006.

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Expert opinion on neuraminidase inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of influenza – review of recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses. 2017; Stockholm: ECDC; 2017.

Eyler RF, Heung M, Pleva M, et al. Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in critically ill patients receiving continuous venovenous hemodialysis and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Pharmacotherapy. 2012;32(12):1061-9. Epub 2012/12/05. doi: 10.1002/phar.1151. PubMed PMID: 23208833.

Eyler RF, Klein KC, Mueller BA. The pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in a critically ill pediatric patient receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and continuous venovenous hemodialysis. The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG. 2012;17(2):173-6. Epub 2012/11/03. doi: 10.5863/1551-6776-17.2.173. PubMed PMID: 23118670; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3470438.

Finelli L, Fiore A, Dhara R, et al. Influenza-associated pediatric mortality in the United States: increase of Staphylococcus aureus coinfection. Pediatrics. 2008;122(4):805-11. Epub 2008/10/03. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-1336. PubMed PMID: 18829805.

Fiore AE, Fry A, Shay D, Gubareva L, Bresee JS, Uyeki TM. Antiviral agents for the treatment and chemoprophylaxis of influenza — recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report Recommendations and reports. 2011;60(1):1-24. Epub 2011/01/21. PubMed PMID: 21248682.

Food and Drug Administration. Influenza (Flu) Antiviral Drugs and Related Information. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/InformationbyDrugClass/ucm100228.htm.

Food and Drug Administration. Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations. 37th edition. 2017.

Fry AM, Goswami D, Nahar K, et al. Efficacy of oseltamivir treatment started within 5 days of symptom onset to reduce influenza illness duration and virus shedding in an urban setting in Bangladesh: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet Infectious diseases. 2014;14(2):109-18. Epub 2013/11/26. doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(13)70267-6. PubMed PMID: 24268590.

Gaur AH, Bagga B, Barman S, et al. Intravenous zanamivir for oseltamivir-resistant 2009 H1N1 influenza. The New England journal of medicine. 2010;362(1):88-9. Epub 2009/12/25. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc0910893. PubMed PMID: 20032317.

Giraud C, Manceau S, Oualha M, et al. High levels and safety of oseltamivir carboxylate plasma concentrations after nasogastric administration in critically ill children in a pediatric intensive care unit. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2011;55(1):433-5. Epub 2010/10/13. doi: 10.1128/aac.00813-10. PubMed PMID: 20937783; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3019675.

Gooskens J, Jonges M, Claas EC, Meijer A, van den Broek PJ, Kroes AM. Morbidity and mortality associated with nosocomial transmission of oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1) virus. JAMA. 2009 Mar 11;301(10):1042-6.

Graitcer SB, Gubareva L, Kamimoto L, et al. Characteristics of patients with oseltamivir-resistant pandemic (H1N1) 2009, United States. Emerging infectious diseases. 2011;17(2):255-7. Epub 2011/02/05. doi: 10.3201/eid1702.101724. PubMed PMID: 21291599; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3204784.

Graner S, Svensson T, Beau AB, et al. Neuraminidase inhibitors during pregnancy and risk of adverse neonatal outcomes and congenital malformations: population based European register study. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 2017;356:j629. Epub 2017/03/02. doi: 10.1136/bmj.j629. PubMed PMID: 28246106; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5421412.

Greer LG, Sheffield JS, Rogers VL, Roberts SW, McIntire DD, Wendel GD, Jr. Maternal and neonatal outcomes after antepartum treatment of influenza with antiviral medications. Obstetrics and gynecology. 2010;115(4):711-6. Epub 2010/03/24. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181d44752. PubMed PMID: 20308829.

Groeneveld G, Marbus S, Ismail N, et al. Effectiveness of oseltamivir in reduction of complications and 30-day mortality in severe seasonal influenza infection International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2020 Nov;56(5):106155. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106155. Epub 2020 Sep 6. PubMed PMID: 32898685.

Hageman JC, Uyeki TM, Francis JS, et al. Severe community-acquired pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus, 2003-04 influenza season. Emerging infectious diseases. 2006;12(6):894-9. Epub 2006/05/19. PubMed PMID: 16707043; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3373026.

Harper SA, Bradley JS, Englund JA, et al. Seasonal influenza in adults and children–diagnosis, treatment, chemoprophylaxis, and institutional outbreak management: clinical practice guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2009;48(8):1003-32. Epub 2009/03/14. doi: 10.1086/598513. PubMed PMID: 19281331.

Harter G, Zimmermann O, Maier L,  et al. Intravenous zanamivir for patients with pneumonitis due to pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2010;50(9):1249-51. Epub 2010/04/07. doi: 10.1086/651604. PubMed PMID: 20367227.

Havers F, Thaker S, Clippard JR, et al. Use of influenza antiviral agents by ambulatory care clinicians during the 2012-2013 influenza season. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2014;59(6):774-82. Epub 2014/07/19. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu422. PubMed PMID: 25034419; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4200045.

Hayden F, Sugaya N, Hirotsu N, et al; Baloxavir Marboxil Investigators Group. Baloxavir Marboxil for Uncomplicated Influenza in Adults and Adolescents. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2018: 379(10):913-923. Epub 2018/09/06. PubMed PMID: 30184455

Heneghan CJ, Onakpoya I, Jones MA, et al. Neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza: a systematic review and meta-analysis of regulatory and mortality data. Health technology assessment (Winchester, England). 2016;20(42):1-242. Epub 2016/06/02. doi: 10.3310/hta20420. PubMed PMID: 27246259; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4904189.

Hernan MA, Lipsitch M. Oseltamivir and risk of lower respiratory tract complications in patients with flu symptoms: a meta-analysis of eleven randomized clinical trials. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2011;53(3):277-9. Epub 2011/06/17. doi: 10.1093/cid/cir400. PubMed PMID: 21677258; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3137795.

Hiba V, Chowers M, Levi-Vinograd I, Rubinovitch B, Leibovici L, Paul M. Benefit of early treatment with oseltamivir in hospitalized patients with documented 2009 influenza A (H1N1): retrospective cohort study. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 2011;66(5):1150-5. Epub 2011/03/12. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkr089. PubMed PMID: 21393197.

Hibino A, Kondo H, Masaki H, Tanabe Y, Sato I, Takemae N, Saito T, Zaraket H, Saito R. Community- and hospital-acquired infections with oseltamivir– and peramivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses during the 2015-2016 season in Japan. Virus Genes. 2017 Feb;53(1):89-94.

Hirotsu N, Sakaguchi H, Sato C, et al. Baloxavir marboxil in Japanese pediatric patients with influenza: safety and clinical and virologic outcomes. Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Sep 20. pii: ciz908. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz908. [Epub ahead of print]

Hsu J, Santesso N, Mustafa R, et al. Antivirals for treatment of influenza: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Annals of internal medicine. 2012;156(7):512-24. Epub 2012/03/01. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-156-7-201204030-00411. PubMed PMID: 22371849.

Hurt AC, Chotpitayasunondh T, Cox NJ, et al. Antiviral resistance during the 2009 influenza A H1N1 pandemic: public health, laboratory, and clinical perspectives. The Lancet Infectious diseases. 2012;12(3):240-8. Epub 2011/12/22. doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(11)70318-8. PubMed PMID: 22186145.

Hurt AC, Hardie K, Wilson NJ, et al. Community transmission of oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza. The New England journal of medicine. 2011;365(26):2541-2. Epub 2011/12/30. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1111078. PubMed PMID: 22204735.

Hurt AC, Hardie K, Wilson NJ, et al. Characteristics of a widespread community cluster of H275Y oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza in Australia. The Journal of infectious diseases. 2012;206(2):148-57. Epub 2012/05/09. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jis337. PubMed PMID: 22561367; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3379839.

Ikematsu H, Hayden FG, Kawaguchi K, et al. Baloxavir Marboxil for Prophylaxis against Influenza in Household Contacts.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32640124/  N Engl J Med. 2020 Jul 23;383(4):309-320.​

Imai M, Yamashita M, Sakai-Tagawa T. Influenza A variants with reduced susceptibility to baloxavir isolated from Japanese patients are fit and transmit through respiratory droplets. Nat Microbiol. 2019 Nov 25. doi: 10.1038/s41564-019-0609-0. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 31768027

Ison MG, Hui DS, Clezy K, O’Neil BJ, Flynt A, Collis PJ, Simon TJ, Alexander WJ. A clinical trial of intravenous peramivir compared with oral oseltamivir for the treatment of seasonal influenza in hospitalized adults. Antivir Ther. 2013;18(5):651-61.Epub 2012/10/30. PubMed PMID: 23111657

Ison MG, Fraiz J, Heller B, et al. Intravenous peramivir for treatment of influenza in hospitalized patients. Antiviral therapy. 2014;19(4):349-61. Epub 2013/08/30. doi: 10.3851/imp2680. PubMed PMID: 23985625.

Ison MG, Portsmouth S, Yoshida Y, Shishido T, Mitchener M, Tsuchiya K, Uehara T, Hayden FG. Early treatment with baloxavir marboxil in high-risk adolescent and adult outpatients with uncomplicated influenza (CAPSTONE-2): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Jun 8:S1473-3099(20)30004-9. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30004-9. Online ahead of print

Jefferson T, Jones MA, Doshi P, et al. Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults and children. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2014(4):Cd008965. Epub 2014/04/11. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008965.pub4. PubMed PMID: 24718923.

Jefferson T, Jones MA, Doshi P, et al. Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults and children. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2012;1:Cd008965. Epub 2012/01/20. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008965.pub3. PubMed PMID: 22258996.

Jittamala P, Pukrittayakamee S, Tarning J, et al. Pharmacokinetics of orally administered oseltamivir in healthy obese and nonobese Thai subjects. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2014;58(3):1615-21. Epub 2013/12/25. doi: 10.1128/aac.01786-13. PubMed PMID: 24366750; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3957867.

Katzen J, Kohn R, Houk JL, Ison MG. Early Oseltamivir After Hospital Admission Is Associated With Shortened Hospitalization: A 5-Year Analysis of Oseltamivir Timing and Clinical Outcomes. Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Jun 18;69(1):52-58.

Kidd IM, Down J, Nastouli E, et al. H1N1 pneumonitis treated with intravenous zanamivir. Lancet (London, England). 2009;374(9694):1036. Epub 2009/09/08. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61528-2. PubMed PMID: 19733390.

Kimberlin DW, Acosta EP, Prichard MN, et al. Oseltamivir pharmacokinetics, dosing, and resistance among children aged <2 years with influenza. The Journal of infectious diseases. 2013;207(5):709-20. Epub 2012/12/12. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jis765. PubMed PMID: 23230059; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3563309.

Kohno S, Kida H, Mizuguchi M, Shimada J. Efficacy and safety of intravenous peramivir for treatment of seasonal influenza virus infection. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2010;54(11):4568-74. Epub 2010/08/18. doi: 10.1128/aac.00474-10. PubMed PMID: 20713668; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2976170.

Komeda T, Ishii S, Itoh Y, et al. Post-marketing safety and effectiveness evaluation of the intravenous anti-influenza neuraminidase inhibitor peramivir. II: a pediatric drug use investigation. Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy. 2015;21(3):194-201. Epub 2014/12/20. doi: 10.1016/j.jiac.2014.11.009. PubMed PMID: 25523716.

Kromdijk W, Sikma MA, van den Broek MP, Beijnen JH, Huitema AD, de Lange DW. Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir carboxylate in critically ill patients: each patient is unique. Intensive care medicine. 2013;39(5):977-8. Epub 2013/02/28. doi: 10.1007/s00134-013-2851-x. PubMed PMID: 23443310.

Kumar D, Ison G M, Mira J, et at. Combining baloxavir marboxil with standard-of-care neuraminidase inhibitor in patients hospitalised with severe influenza (FLAGSTONE): a randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled, superiority trial The Lancet Infectious Disease. 2022 Jan 24;S1473-3099(21)00469-2. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00469-2, PubMed PMID: 35085510.

Lackenby A, Moran Gilad J, Pebody R, et al. Continued emergence and changing epidemiology of oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1)2009 virus, United Kingdom, winter 2010/11. Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin. 2011;16(5). Epub 2011/02/15. PubMed PMID: 21315056.

Le QM, Wertheim HF, Tran ND, van Doorn HR, Nguyen TH, Horby P; Vietnam H1N1 Investigation Team. Influenza A H5N1 clade 2.3.4 virus with a different antiviral susceptibility profile replaced clade 1 virus in humans in northern Vietnam. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jan 7;362(1):86-7.

Lee EH, Wu C, Lee EU, et al. Fatalities associated with the 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus in New York City. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2010;50(11):1498-504. Epub 2010/04/28. doi: 10.1086/652446. PubMed PMID: 20420514.

Lee J, Park JH, Jwa H, Kim YH. Comparison of Efficacy of Intravenous Peramivir and Oral Oseltamivir for the Treatment of Influenza: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Yonsei medical journal. 2017;58(4):778-85. Epub 2017/05/26. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.4.778. PubMed PMID: 28540991; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5447109.

Lee N, Choi KW, Chan PK, et al. Outcomes of adults hospitalised with severe influenza. Thorax. 2010;65(6):510-5. Epub 2010/06/05. doi: 10.1136/thx.2009.130799. PubMed PMID: 20522848.

Lee N, Cockram CS, Chan PK, Hui DS, Choi KW, Sung JJ. Antiviral treatment for patients hospitalized with severe influenza infection may affect clinical outcomes. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2008;46(8):1323-4. Epub 2008/05/01. doi: 10.1086/533477. PubMed PMID: 18444878.

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Below are the references cited in Antiviral Agents for the Treatment and Chemoprophylaxis of Influenza – Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).
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