Important update: Healthcare facilities
CDC has updated select ways to operate healthcare systems effectively in response to COVID-19 vaccination. Learn more
UPDATE
Given new evidence on the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant, CDC has updated the guidance for fully vaccinated people. CDC recommends universal indoor masking for all teachers, staff, students, and visitors to K-12 schools, regardless of vaccination status. Children should return to full-time in-person learning in the fall with layered prevention strategies in place.
UPDATE
The White House announced that vaccines will be required for international travelers coming into the United States, with an effective date of November 8, 2021. For purposes of entry into the United States, vaccines accepted will include FDA approved or authorized and WHO Emergency Use Listing vaccines. More information is available here.
UPDATE
Travel requirements to enter the United States are changing, starting November 8, 2021. More information is available here.

Risk for COVID-19 Infection, Hospitalization, and Death By Race/Ethnicity

Risk for COVID-19 Infection, Hospitalization, and Death By Race/Ethnicity
Updated May 25, 2023
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Race and ethnicity are risk markers for other underlying conditions that impact health
Rate ratios compared to White, Non-Hispanic persons American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic persons Asian, Non-Hispanic persons Black or African American, Non-Hispanic persons Hispanic or Latino persons
Cases1 1.6x 0.8x 1.1x 1.5x
Hospitalization2 2.4x 0.7x 2.0x 1.8x
Death3, 4 2.0x 0.7x 1.6x 1.7x

Race and ethnicity are risk markers for other underlying conditions that affect health, including socioeconomic status, access to health care, and exposure to the virus related to occupation, e.g., frontline, essential, and critical infrastructure workers.

Note: Adjusting by age is important because risk of infection, hospitalization, and death is different by age, and age distribution differs by racial and ethnic group. If the effect of age is not accounted for, racial and ethnic disparities can be underestimated or overestimated.

Footnotes

1Data Source: Case level surveillance data from state, local and territorial public health jurisdictions (data through April 19, 2023). Numbers are ratios of age-adjusted rates standardized to the 2019 U.S. intercensal population estimate. Calculations use only the 65% of case reports that have race and ethnicity; this can result in inaccurate estimates of the relative risk among groups.

2 Data source: COVID-NET (March 1, 2020 through May 13, 2023). Numbers are ratios of age-adjusted rates standardized to the 2020 US standard COVID-NET catchment population.

3 Data Source: National Center for Health Statistics Provisional Death Counts (data through April 15, 2023). Numbers are ratios of age-adjusted rates standardized to the 2019 U.S. intercensal population estimate.