1.4 Evaluation Questions 1

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1. Define congenital anomalies.

Abnormalities of body structure or function that originate during intrauterine life and may be evident prenatally, at birth, or later in life.

2. Define public health surveillance.

Ongoing, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health data for public health purposes and the timely dissemination of public health information for assessment and public health response to reduce morbidity and mortality.

3. What is a primary goal of a congenital anomalies surveillance programme?

To provide valid and timely data that can guide the development of prevention initiatives for congenital anomalies.

4. Which of the following is NOT an objective of a surveillance programme for congenital anomalies?

  1. To monitor trends in the prevalence of different types of congenital anomalies in a defined population
  2. To collect systematic, valid and timely data on congenital anomalies
  3. To detect clusters of congenital anomalies (outbreaks)
  4. To medically treat individuals with congenital anomalies
  5. To refer affected infants to appropriate services in a timely manner
  6. To disseminate findings and interpretations to appropriate partner organizations and government agencies in a timely fashion
  7. To provide a basis for epidemiologic research and prevention programmes
  8. To allow evaluation of the prevention programme

d. To medically treat individuals with congenital anomalies

5. What are two main types of congenital anomalies surveillance programmes?

Population-based, hospital-based

6. True or false: Two minor anomalies are considered a major anomaly.

False

7. True or false: In some cases, internal anomalies have external manifestations that allow the observer to suspect its diagnosis.

True

8. What is an example of a risk factor associated with congenital anomalies?

  1. Good nutrition
  2. Healthy weight
  3. Folate insufficiency

c. Folate insufficiency

Module 2

Table of Contents

  1. Module 1: Introduction to Congenital Anomalies Surveillance
  2. 1.1 Public Health and Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies
  3. 1.2 Congenital Anomalies
  4. 1.3 Surveillance
  5. ›1.4 Evaluation Questions 1